Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and decision-making. AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task (like facial recognition or language translation), and general AI, which possesses the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a broad range of tasks, similar to human cognitive abilities.

The field of AI encompasses various sub-disciplines, including machine learning, which involves algorithms that allow computers to learn from data and improve over time without explicit programming; natural language processing (NLP), which enables machines to understand and respond to human language; and robotics, where intelligent systems assist with physical tasks.

AI technology is rapidly evolving and is being integrated into a plethora of applications across sectors such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, ultimately transforming how we interact with technology and each other.