Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. These systems are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intellect, such as reasoning, problem-solving, understanding language, and recognizing patterns. AI can be classified into two main categories: narrow AI, which is designed for a specific task (like virtual assistants or recommendation systems), and general AI, which possesses the capability to understand and learn any intellectual task that a human can do, although this level of AI is still largely theoretical.

AI utilizes various techniques, including Machine Learning, where algorithms are trained on data to improve their performance over time, and Deep Learning, a subset of Machine Learning that uses neural networks to analyze complex data patterns. Applications of AI are widespread, affecting various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, and include technologies like chatbots, image recognition systems, autonomous vehicles, and much more. The continuing advancements in AI research and development hold the promise of enhancing productivity and solving complex challenges across different sectors. However, it also raises ethical considerations regarding job displacement, privacy, and decision-making transparency that society must address.