Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn. This field of computer science focuses on creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and making decisions. AI encompasses various subfields, including Machine Learning, natural language processing, robotics, and computer vision.

Machine Learning, a prominent aspect of AI, involves algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data. Natural language processing (NLP) enables machines to understand and interpret human languages, facilitating interaction between humans and computers. Robotics combines AI with mechanical engineering to design and build intelligent machines that can perform tasks autonomously.

AI applications are extensive, ranging from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to recommendation systems used by Netflix and Amazon. In medicine, AI is employed for diagnostic purposes and personalized treatment plans. In industry, AI optimizes supply chains and automates manufacturing processes. Overall, AI is transforming how we interact with technology and enabling advancements across various sectors.