Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the branch of computer science that focuses on creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. This encompasses a wide range of functions, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns in data, making decisions, solving problems, and even learning from experience.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, which is the most common form currently in use, is designed for specific tasks, like facial recognition, voice assistants, or recommendation systems, and operates within a limited context. In contrast, general AI aims to emulate human cognitive abilities across a broader spectrum of tasks, although it has not yet been achieved.

The core techniques employed in AI include machine learning, where algorithms improve their performance based on data, and deep learning, a subset of machine learning that utilizes artificial neural networks to process complex input data. Other approaches include rule-based systems and expert systems that rely on pre-defined rules and knowledge databases.

AI is integrated into numerous applications across various sectors, such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, enabling significant advancements in efficiency and innovation. However, it also raises ethical considerations and concerns regarding privacy, job displacement, and decision-making transparency. As AI technology continues to evolve, its impact on society grows, prompting ongoing discussions about its implications and responsible use.