Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using it), reasoning (the ability to draw conclusions and make decisions), and self-correction. AI systems are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed for a specific task (like virtual personal assistants such as Siri or Alexa), and general AI, which would perform any intellectual task that a human can do (though this level of AI has not yet been achieved). Machine learning, a subset of AI, involves the development of algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions based on data. Deep learning, a further subset of machine learning, uses neural networks to analyze various factors of data.

AI has numerous applications across diverse fields, including healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, and entertainment, driving innovation and efficiency in numerous sectors. Its growth raises ethical considerations regarding job displacement, decision-making accountability, and privacy that society continues to grapple with as technology evolves.