Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, and self-correction. AI systems are designed to handle tasks that typically require human-like cognitive functions.

There are two main categories of AI: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is specialized for specific tasks—such as voice recognition, facial recognition, and language translation. These systems operate within predefined parameters and cannot perform beyond their limitations. On the other hand, general AI, or strong AI, represents a more advanced form of intelligence that could understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide variety of tasks, resembling human cognitive abilities.

AI technologies utilize various techniques including machine learning, neural networks, natural language processing, and robotics. Machine learning, a major subset of AI, involves training algorithms on large datasets to help them improve over time without explicit programming for every situation.

The applications of AI are widespread, impacting industries such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment. For example, AI-powered systems can analyze medical data to assist in diagnostics, enhance customer service through chatbots, and optimize logistics in supply chain management.

As AI continues to evolve, it raises important ethical considerations, including concerns regarding privacy, job displacement, and biases in decision-making processes. The ongoing development of AI technology presents both significant opportunities and challenges for society.