Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines designed to think and act like humans. This encompasses a variety of technologies and methods that enable computers to perform tasks typically requiring human cognitive functions, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, understanding natural language, and decision-making.

AI can be broadly categorized into two types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, or weak AI, refers to systems designed to handle a specific task, such as virtual assistants (like Siri or Alexa), recommendation engines (like those used by Netflix or Amazon), or image recognition software. General AI, or strong AI, is a theoretical concept involving machines with the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a wide variety of tasks, much like a human.

The field of AI encompasses various subfields, including machine learning (the ability of machines to learn from data), natural language processing (the interaction between computers and human language), robotics, and computer vision. AI technologies utilize vast amounts of data and sophisticated algorithms to improve their performance over time, enabling systems to adapt and evolve based on new information.

As AI continues to develop, it plays an increasingly crucial role in many sectors, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, promising to enhance efficiency, support decision-making, and enable novel applications that can transform industries. However, ethical considerations and the implications of AI on society are also crucial areas of ongoing discussion as the technology progresses.