Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It encompasses a broad range of technologies and approaches that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and making decisions.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform specific tasks, such as facial recognition, language translation, or playing chess. General AI, or strong AI, aims to replicate human cognitive functions across a broad range of tasks, although true general AI remains largely theoretical at this stage.

The technologies underlying AI include Machine Learning, where algorithms are trained on large datasets to improve their performance over time; natural language processing, which enables machines to understand and generate human language; and computer vision, which allows machines to interpret and make decisions based on visual input. AI applications are increasingly integrated into various sectors, including healthcare, finance, education, and transportation, revolutionizing how tasks are performed and enhancing productivity.