Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. This encompasses a range of functionalities, including the ability to learn, reason, solve problems, understand natural language, and perceive the environment. There are two primary types of AI: narrow AI, which is designed for specific tasks such as facial recognition or language translation, and general AI, which would possess the ability to perform any intellectual task that a human can do, although true general AI has not yet been achieved.

AI technologies utilize algorithms and models to process and analyze vast amounts of data, drawing patterns and making predictions based on that information. Machine Learning (a subset of AI) enables systems to improve their performance over time by learning from data rather than through explicit programming. Deep Learning, which involves neural networks with multiple layers, is particularly potent in processing complex data and has driven advances in computer vision, natural language processing, and more.

AI is increasingly embedded in everyday applications, ranging from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to recommendation systems on platforms like Netflix and Amazon. Its impact spans various fields, including healthcare, finance, education, and transportation, where it enhances efficiency and decision-making capabilities. However, the growth of AI also raises ethical and societal considerations, such as its implications for employment, privacy, and decision-making biases that must be carefully addressed as the technology continues to develop.