Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses a range of technologies and applications that enable machines to perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and decision-making.

AI can be broadly categorized into two types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task, and general AI, which has the potential to perform any intellectual task that a human being can do. Most AI systems in use today, including voice assistants like Siri and Alexa, recommendation algorithms on platforms like Netflix and Amazon, and image recognition systems, fall under the category of narrow AI.

AI can also be implemented using various techniques, including Machine Learning, where computers are trained using data to improve their performance over time, and Deep Learning, which involves neural networks with many layers that can capture complex patterns in large datasets. The underlying goal of AI research is to create systems that can function independently and intelligently, leading to advancements in areas such as robotics, healthcare, finance, and more.