Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. It encompasses a variety of technologies and methods that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intellect. These tasks include learning from experience (machine learning), reasoning and problem-solving (cognitive computing), understanding natural language (natural language processing), and perception (computer vision).

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI is designed for specific tasks, such as voice recognition or playing chess, and it performs its functions within a limited scope. General AI, on the other hand, aims to replicate general cognitive abilities, allowing machines to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a wide range of tasks, similar to a human.

The applications of AI are vast and continue to grow, impacting numerous fields, including healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, and customer service. Innovations like recommendation systems, chatbots, and advanced algorithms for data analysis are all driven by AI technology. As AI continues to evolve, it raises additional discussions about ethics, job displacement, and the future of human-machine interaction, making it one of the most significant technological advancements of our time.