Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It encompasses various technologies and methodologies aimed at enabling computers to perform tasks that typically require human intellect, such as reasoning, problem-solving, understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, and making decisions.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI is designed for specific tasks, such as virtual assistants (like Siri or Alexa), facial recognition systems, and recommendation algorithms. In contrast, general AI seeks to replicate broader human cognitive abilities, allowing machines to understand and reason across a wide range of tasks, although it remains largely theoretical and is not yet realized.

AI employs various techniques, including Machine Learning, where algorithms learn from and make predictions based on data; Deep Learning, which utilizes neural networks to analyze complex data; and natural language processing (NLP), enabling machines to understand and interact with human language.

The applications of AI span numerous fields, including healthcare, finance, automotive, robotics, and entertainment, transforming how we work and live. As AI technology continues to evolve, ethical considerations and the implications of its deployment also become paramount, prompting discussions about privacy, security, and the impact on employment and society as a whole.