Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the branch of computer science that focuses on creating machines or software capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks can include problem-solving, learning, reasoning, perception, understanding natural language, and making decisions. AI systems are designed to mimic cognitive functions, enabling them to interpret data, recognize patterns, and adapt to new information.

AI is generally categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task (like facial recognition or language translation), and general AI, which represents a more advanced form of intelligence capable of performing a variety of tasks at a level comparable to that of a human being. Currently, most AI applications fall under the category of narrow AI.

The field of AI encompasses various techniques, including machine learning (where systems learn from data), deep learning (a subset of machine learning utilizing neural networks), and natural language processing (enabling machines to understand and respond to human languages). As AI continues to evolve, it holds the potential to transform numerous industries by enhancing efficiency, automating processes, and providing insights from vast amounts of data.