Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are designed to think and act like humans. It encompasses a range of technologies and applications that enable computers and systems to perform tasks that typically require human cognitive functions, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and understanding natural language.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed for specific tasks—such as voice recognition, image analysis, or playing chess—that do not require human-level generalization or understanding beyond its programmed capacity. Examples of narrow AI include virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, recommendation systems, and chatbots.

In contrast, general AI, or strong AI, aims to possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks at a level comparable to that of a human. While general AI is still largely theoretical and has not yet been achieved, it remains a significant focus of research in the field.

AI technologies utilize various methods, including Machine Learning (ML), where algorithms improve through experience and data, and Deep Learning (DL), a subset of ML that involves neural networks with many layers that can analyze vast amounts of unstructured data.

Overall, AI has become integral in numerous sectors such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, revolutionizing the way we work and interact with technology, enhancing efficiency, decision-making, and user experience.