Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using it), reasoning (the ability to solve problems and make decisions), and self-correction. AI can be categorized into two primary types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform specific tasks (like facial recognition or voice commands), and general AI, which has the capability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence in a wide range of activities, similar to that of a human being.

AI technologies are built using various algorithms and models, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, natural language processing, and robotics. Machine Learning allows systems to learn from data and improve over time without explicit programming. Deep Learning, a subset of Machine Learning, uses neural networks with many layers to analyze complex patterns in large amounts of data. Natural language processing enables machines to understand and interact with human language, while robotics combines AI with physical machines to perform tasks autonomously.

The applications of AI are vast and diverse, encompassing areas such as healthcare (diagnostic algorithms), automotive (self-driving cars), finance (fraud detection), marketing (customer segmentation), and many more. The development of AI raises important ethical and societal considerations, including issues of job displacement, bias in algorithms, and accountability. As AI continues to evolve and integrate into various sectors, it holds the potential to significantly transform industries and daily life.