Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. This technology involves the development of algorithms and models that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human cognitive functions. These tasks include learning (the ability to improve performance based on experience), reasoning (the ability to deduce or infer information), problem-solving, perception (interpreting sensory input), understanding natural language, and social interaction.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g., facial recognition, internet search, or self-driving cars) and operates within a limited context. In contrast, general AI, or strong AI, refers to systems that possess the capability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a wide range of tasks, similar to human beings, although this form of AI has not yet been realized.

The foundations of AI stem from various fields, including computer science, cognitive science, neuroscience, linguistics, and psychology. Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, uses statistical techniques to enable machines to improve their performance on tasks through experience, often employing methods like deep learning, where artificial neural networks are utilized to process large amounts of data.

AI has diverse applications in various sectors, including healthcare (for diagnosis and treatment recommendations), finance (for fraud detection and algorithmic trading), automotive (for autonomous vehicles), entertainment (for personalized content recommendations), and customer service (through chatbots and virtual assistants). The ongoing advancements in AI technology are reshaping industries and influencing everyday life, raising important discussions about ethical considerations, potential job displacement, and societal impacts.