Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems and software that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. These tasks include, but are not limited to, reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and decision making. AI systems leverage various techniques, such as machine learning, where algorithms analyze and learn patterns from data, and deep learning, which involves neural networks that model complex relationships.

AI can be categorized into two broad types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed for specific tasks, such as facial recognition or language translation, and operates within a limited set of functions. General AI, or strong AI, aims to replicate human cognitive abilities across a broad range of tasks; however, this level of AI has not yet been achieved.

AI technologies are increasingly integrated into various industries, enhancing efficiency and enabling new capabilities. For instance, in healthcare, AI is used for predictive analytics and personalized medicine, while in finance, it assists with fraud detection and algorithmic trading. As the field continues to evolve, ethical considerations regarding bias, privacy, and employment implications also come to the forefront of discussions about AI’s impact on society.