Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on creating systems and technologies that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. This includes capabilities such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, understanding natural language, and decision-making. AI systems utilize algorithms and large datasets to identify patterns, make predictions, and improve their performance over time through experience.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to handle specific tasks (such as virtual assistants, recommendation systems, and image recognition), and general AI, which refers to a theoretical form of AI that possesses the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a broad range of tasks, much like a human. Currently, most applications of AI are narrow AI, demonstrating proficiency in well-defined areas but lacking the flexibility and consciousness associated with human-like intelligence.

Moreover, AI employs various techniques, including machine learning, where computers learn from data without being explicitly programmed; deep learning, a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to analyze complex data; and natural language processing (NLP), which enables machines to understand and generate human language.

As AI continues to advance, it is transforming industries by enhancing efficiency, driving innovation, and creating new opportunities, while also raising ethical considerations and challenges concerning privacy, bias, and the future of work.