Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using it), reasoning (the ability to solve problems through logic), and self-correction. AI encompasses a range of technologies and methodologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and more.

AI can be categorized into two main types: Narrow AI and General AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform a specific task, such as facial recognition, speech recognition, or playing chess. In contrast, General AI, or strong AI, aims to replicate broad human cognitive abilities, allowing it to learn and understand any intellectual task that a human can do. As of now, most AI applications fall into the category of Narrow AI.

AI has numerous applications across various industries, including healthcare (diagnosing diseases), finance (fraud detection), autonomous vehicles (navigation and obstacle avoidance), and customer service (chatbots and virtual assistants). The rapidly advancing capabilities of AI bring both opportunities and challenges, including ethical considerations, job displacement, and the potential for misuse, making discussions on responsible AI development and deployment increasingly important.