Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform a specific task, such as facial recognition, language translation, or playing a game. In contrast, general AI, or strong AI, refers to a more advanced form of intelligence that has the capability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks, similar to a human being.

AI systems utilize various techniques, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, natural language processing, and robotics, to analyze data, identify patterns, and make decisions. Machine Learning, in particular, enables machines to improve their performance over time through exposure to more data, allowing them to learn from experience without being explicitly programmed for each task.

AI has widespread applications across numerous fields, such as healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, customer service, and entertainment, where it enhances efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. Despite its potential benefits, AI also raises ethical considerations, particularly around privacy, job displacement, and the need for responsible AI governance to ensure its safe and equitable deployment.