Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It encompasses a variety of concepts and technologies that enable machines to perform tasks traditionally requiring human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and making decisions. AI systems can be categorized into two main types: Narrow AI, which is designed for specific tasks (like virtual assistants or recommendation systems), and General AI, which would possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a wide range of tasks similar to a human being. AI relies heavily on Machine Learning, a subset of AI where algorithms improve their performance through experience, and Deep Learning, which uses neural networks to analyze data in complex patterns. The applications of AI are vast and include fields like healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, and customer service, among others.