Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It encompasses a variety of technologies and methodologies that enable computers to perform tasks that typically require human cognitive functions. These tasks include reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and decision-making.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform specific tasks (such as voice recognition or playing chess), and general AI, which aims to replicate the broader cognitive abilities of a human. Narrow AI is currently the most prevalent form in use today, while general AI remains largely theoretical and not yet realized.

Key components of AI include machine learning (a subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data), neural networks (computational models inspired by the human brain), and natural language processing (the ability for machines to understand and interact using human language). AI has applications across various fields, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and customer service, and continues to evolve rapidly, driving advances in automation and data analysis.