Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of a machine or computer system to perform tasks that typically require human-like intelligence. This includes the ability to learn from experience (machine learning), understand natural language, recognize patterns, solve problems, and make decisions. AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task (like image recognition or language translation), and general AI, which aims to perform any intellectual task that a human can do, though general AI remains largely theoretical at this stage.

AI systems utilize various techniques and algorithms, including neural networks, deep learning, and rule-based systems, to analyze data, improve over time, and adapt to new information. These technologies are being used in a wide range of applications, from virtual assistants and chatbots to autonomous vehicles and healthcare diagnostics. The goal of AI research and development is to create systems that can think, understand, and interact in ways that are increasingly indistinguishable from human intelligence.