Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. AI encompasses a range of capabilities, including learning (the ability to improve performance based on experience), reasoning (the ability to solve problems or draw conclusions), and self-correction. These capabilities are implemented through various techniques such as Machine Learning, natural language processing, and neural networks.

AI can be classified into two main categories: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform specific tasks, such as facial recognition, language translation, or playing chess, and excels in those defined areas. In contrast, general AI, or strong AI, represents a level of intelligence that can understand, learn, and apply knowledge broadly, similar to a human across a wide range of tasks. While narrow AI is widely adopted and functional today, general AI remains a goal for researchers and developers and has not yet been achieved.

Applications of AI are vast and include sectors such as healthcare, where it’s used for diagnostics and predictive analysis; finance, for algorithmic trading and fraud detection; and transportation, supporting autonomous vehicles. With ongoing advancements, AI continues to transform industries and our daily lives, raising important ethical considerations about its impact and use.