Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. This concept encompasses a variety of technologies and methodologies designed to perform tasks that typically require human cognition, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding.

AI can be classified into two main categories: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed for specific tasks, such as voice recognition, image analysis, or playing games. Examples include virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa, recommendation systems on streaming platforms, and self-driving car technology. In contrast, general AI, or strong AI, refers to a theoretical form of AI that possesses the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge in a manner indistinguishable from humans across a wide range of tasks.

Key techniques used in AI include Machine Learning, where algorithms improve from experience; natural language processing, which focuses on the interaction between computers and human language; and computer vision, which enables machines to interpret and understand visual information. AI systems can be trained on large datasets to recognize patterns, make predictions, and automate processes, thereby transforming industries and enhancing human capabilities in various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and more.

As AI continues to evolve, it raises important ethical and societal questions regarding privacy, security, and the impact on jobs and decision-making. Overall, AI is a rapidly advancing field with significant implications for the future of technology and society.