Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. This field encompasses a variety of techniques that allow computers to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and decision-making.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform specific tasks (like voice recognition or playing chess), and general AI, which would possess the ability to understand and reason about the world at a human level across a wide range of tasks. Examples of narrow AI include virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa, recommendation algorithms used by streaming services, and autonomous vehicles.

Machine learning, a subset of AI, involves the use of algorithms and statistical models that enable machines to improve their performance on tasks through experience and data. Deep learning, a further specialization within machine learning, employs artificial neural networks to emulate the way humans learn, allowing for complex patterns to be recognized in large sets of data.

AI technologies are increasingly integrated into various industries, enhancing efficiency and performance across sectors such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment. However, the rise of AI also raises questions regarding ethics, job displacement, and the implications of creating machines capable of human-like intelligence.