Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using it), reasoning (using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task (such as voice recognition or image analysis), and general AI, which aims to understand and reason about the world as a human would. Currently, most AI applications fall under the umbrella of narrow AI.

Applications of AI are vast and diverse, including natural language processing (NLP), robotics, expert systems, and autonomous vehicles, among others. AI systems utilize various technologies and algorithms, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, neural networks, and reinforcement learning, enabling them to adapt and improve performance over time based on the data they process.

AI has significant implications across different industries, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes while also presenting ethical considerations and challenges related to privacy, employment, and accountability. As technology continues to evolve, AI is expected to play an increasingly pivotal role in shaping our future.