Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. This encompasses a range of capabilities, including learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and decision-making. AI systems can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed for specific tasks (like virtual assistants or recommendation systems), and general AI, which would possess the ability to perform any intellectual task that a human can do (though this level of AI is not yet realized). AI technologies rely on algorithms, data, and computational power to analyze information, learn from it, and make predictions or decisions. Applications of AI are widespread, impacting various fields like healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, where they improve efficiency, accuracy, and innovation.