Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. It encompasses a wide range of technologies and methodologies that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human-like cognitive functions. These include learning from experience, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding natural language, and perceiving the environment.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow (or weak) AI and general (or strong) AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform a specific task, such as facial recognition, language translation, or playing chess. In contrast, general AI aims to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a diverse range of tasks, much like a human.

The underlying techniques of AI include Machine Learning, where algorithms learn from data to improve their performance over time; natural language processing, which allows machines to understand and generate human language; and computer vision, enabling machines to interpret visual information from the world.

AI has applications in various fields, from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment, transforming industries by improving efficiency, enhancing capabilities, and enabling new solutions to complex problems.