Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. It encompasses a range of technologies and methodologies that allow computers to perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and making decisions.

AI can be divided into two main categories: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform specific tasks, such as voice recognition or image classification, and is currently the most prevalent form of AI in use today. General AI, or strong AI, refers to a theoretical framework where machines possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a broad range of tasks, similar to a human being.

Various techniques underpin AI, including Machine Learning, where systems learn from data to improve their performance over time; neural networks, which mimic the human brain’s structure and function; and natural language processing, which focuses on the interaction between computers and humans through language. AI has applications across numerous fields, such as healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, entertainment, and more, and continues to evolve rapidly, raising discussions about ethical implications, job displacement, and the potential for future technologies.