Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of a machine or software to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. This includes a wide range of functions such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, learning from experience, and making decisions.

AI systems are typically classified into two categories: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform a specific task, such as facial recognition or language translation, and is the most common form of AI currently in use. General AI, on the other hand, refers to a hypothetical future state where machines would possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a broad range of tasks at levels equal to or surpassing human intelligence.

The development of AI has been driven by advances in Machine Learning, Deep Learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, which allow systems to improve their performance as they process more data. AI technologies are increasingly being applied in various fields such as healthcare, finance, autonomous vehicles, customer service, and many more, significantly impacting how we live and work.

Overall, AI represents a transformative technology with the potential to enhance efficiency, enable new capabilities, and drive innovation. However, it also raises important ethical and societal considerations regarding privacy, security, and job displacement that continue to be the subject of extensive discussion and analysis.