Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the branch of computer science that focuses on creating systems capable of performing tasks that would typically require human intelligence. This includes a wide range of capabilities such as problem-solving, learning, reasoning, perception, language understanding, and decision-making. AI technologies utilize algorithms and statistical models to analyze and interpret complex data, enabling machines to adapt their responses based on new information.

There are various subfields within AI, including:
Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI that uses statistical methods to enable machines to improve task performance through experience. This involves training algorithms on large datasets, allowing them to learn patterns and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed for every scenario.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): The area focused on enabling machines to understand and generate human language. This includes tasks like speech recognition, sentiment analysis, and language translation.
Computer Vision: This field seeks to enable machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, such as images and videos, facilitating applications like facial recognition and object detection.
Robotics: AI is often integrated into robots, allowing them to perform complex tasks ranging from manufacturing to autonomous navigation.

AI is categorized into two broad types: narrow AI, which is designed to handle specific tasks, and general AI, which refers to systems with generalized human cognitive abilities. Currently, most applications of AI fall under narrow AI, where systems are highly specialized and excel in particular domains.

Overall, AI is reshaping various industries, enhancing productivity, and enabling innovative solutions across fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment.