Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on creating systems and software that can perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, understanding natural language, and even creativity. AI systems operate by processing vast amounts of data, recognizing patterns, and making decisions based on that information.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform specific tasks, such as voice recognition, image processing, or playing chess. An example of narrow AI is virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa, which can perform a range of tasks but are limited to their programming. General AI, or strong AI, would possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence in a way that is indistinguishable from human cognitive ability. While general AI is still largely theoretical, narrow AI has seen significant advancements and is widely used in various industries.

AI techniques can include machine learning, where algorithms improve their performance as they are exposed to more data, and deep learning, which involves neural networks with many layers that can analyze complex data representations. AI has applications across diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment, demonstrating its potential to transform how we interact with technology and the world around us.