Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. It encompasses a range of technologies and methods that allow computers to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is designed to perform a specific task (like voice recognition or playing chess), and general AI, which aims to understand and reason about the world in a way similar to humans. Narrow AI is what we commonly encounter today, while general AI remains largely theoretical and is the subject of ongoing research.

Advanced AI systems employ techniques such as Machine Learning, where algorithms improve through experience, and Deep Learning, a subset of Machine Learning that uses neural networks to analyze large amounts of data. These technologies enable AI to perform complex tasks, adapt to new information, and make decisions based on data analysis. The applications of AI are vast and include areas like healthcare, finance, transportation, and customer service, where it can enhance efficiency, accuracy, and overall effectiveness.