Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems. This encompasses a variety of capabilities, including learning (the ability to acquire and improve upon knowledge over time), reasoning (the capacity to draw conclusions and make decisions), and self-correction. AI systems are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.

AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI, which is specialized for a specific task (such as voice assistants or recommendation systems), and general AI, which would possess the ability to understand, learn, and apply intelligence across a broad range of tasks—akin to human cognitive abilities. Current advancements in AI are primarily focused on narrow AI, which is prevalent in various applications today, from healthcare diagnostics to autonomous vehicles.

The development of AI relies on various technologies, including Machine Learning (a subset of AI where algorithms learn from data), neural networks (modeling the way human brains work), and natural language processing (which enables machines to understand and respond to human language). As the field evolves, ethical considerations surrounding AI, such as bias, job displacement, and decision-making transparency, are also becoming increasingly important to address.